Fig. 8. Effect of focal adhesion areas on cytoskeleton tension (F-actin), YAP/TAZ localization, and cell shape. Focal adhesion areas can affect the cytoskeleton tension by changing the F-actin/G-actin ratio. cytoskeleton tension can also affect the YAP/TAZ localization. A very important regulatory function of the F-actin/G-actin ratio is the reciprocal cell shape transforming between spherical (low tension) and spread (high tension) states. Cytoskeleton tension can be regulated by restricting single cells on fibronectin-coated micropatterned surfaces with controlled areas (300 to 10000 μm²). Cells in larger patterns have more focal adhesion areas, leading to increased cytoskeleton tension, the YAP nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio, and spread shape. Immunofluorescence image represents single MSCs grown onto fibronectin-coated micropatterns having the indicated adhesion area and stained for F-actin (white), YAP (green), and TEAD (red) (Reprinted with permission, Elsevier, for citation see [57]).